The Evolution of Motherhood: A Century of Change and Progress

Imagine the hardships women faced a century ago while raising children. Gender equality was non-existent, and women’s duties were confined to cooking, cleaning, and manual laundry. Men dictated how women should interact with their children, even determining how often they could kiss them. Today, modern mothers have significantly more freedom and resources, with countless parenting guides and the liberty to raise children as they see fit, whether vegan or feminist. Exploring the journey of women over the past century reveals that being an ideal mother is as complex as building a utopian society.

Let the Baby Cry

A century ago, doctors advised minimal interaction with babies, believing that crying was essential for developing strong lungs. Parenting guides from that era focused on minimizing contact with the child, reflecting the high infant mortality rates and the fear they instilled in mothers. These books primarily addressed causes of infant mortality and preventive measures.

Motherhood as a Job

Contrary to the idyllic image of mothers baking and caring for children at home, the reality was far more demanding. Mothers had to sew, wash, and iron clothes, often with a child in their arms. This period solidified the notion that motherhood is a full-time job. By the 1920s, parenting advice had shifted dramatically. Psychologist John Watson recommended minimal affection, suggesting mothers should rarely hug or kiss their children. Some experts even proposed halting reproduction for 20 years to study the most effective parenting methods.

Welcome Dr. Spock

The best-selling parenting book in history, second only to the Bible, is Dr. Benjamin Spock’s “Baby and Child Care.” This revolutionary guide normalized love and affection in parenting, empowering women to trust their instincts. Dr. Spock’s advice marked a significant shift, allowing mothers to decide how much love and attention to give their children.

Mothers of War

During wartime, although maternity leave was nominally available, women had to work, often leaving children with elderly relatives or taking them to work. The societal expectations and legal frameworks of the time left little room for the luxuries of maternity leave.

The June Cleaver Generation

The 1950s saw a regression in the progress of women’s rights. Media portrayed women like June Cleaver, a homemaker who epitomized the ideal mother, reinforcing the notion that “father knows best.” Despite the post-war era’s challenges, women were expected to manage household duties impeccably, often without help from their husbands.

Liberalizing Children

The 1960s introduced books on unlocking a child’s potential, emphasizing the importance of educational toys and playgroups. Mothers were encouraged to provide numerous developmental opportunities without being overbearing. However, these high expectations led to increased stress and depression among stay-at-home mothers.

Liberalizing Mothers

By the 1970s, legal amendments in the U.S. ensured equal pay and job security for pregnant women. In the USSR, maternity leave was extended, allowing mothers more time with their children. The bestseller “The Mother Almanac” further liberated mothers by offering practical advice and support, reducing the pressure to be perfect.

No Rules, Just Love

Today, there are countless parenting methods and concepts, making it impossible to master them all. Modern mothers are encouraged to trust their instincts and find their unique parenting style. While motherhood remains challenging, today’s mothers have the freedom to parent as they see fit, with societal support and resources at their disposal.

For further reading, consider exploring insights on single motherhood.